TLR4 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: In addition, the presence of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), a major component of Candida cell wall, in serum (from gut translocation) worsens the endotoxemia-induced inflammation [19,20], partly through the synergy between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and Dectin-1, the receptors of LPS and BG, respectively [21].