It has been shown that lutein supplementation can affect activities of several enzymes in the heart and kidney of a rat model with diabetes [68], can modulate expression of a number of genes in murine liver [69], and, in ARPE-19 cells, activates the transcription factor Nrf2, which, in turn, activates genes encoding antioxidative and phase II enzymes that are involved in the maintenance of the cellular redox status as well as in the detoxification of xenobiotics, including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidase, NQO1 [85]. This evidence concerns the gene NQO1 and diabetes mellitus.