On the other hand, a recent retrospective study of 31 patients with MDS or CMML with NPM1 mutation has observed better OS and EFS with AML-like chemotherapy and subsequent transplantation than with AZA (OS not reached versus 16 months, p = 0.047), suggesting a behavior most similar to AML in this patient subgroup [64]. Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.