In the present study, we evaluated the expression of a set of miRNAs targeting FKBP5 and BDNF, two key PTSD-related genes, in a new PTSD translational animal model [arousal-based individual screening (AIS)] based on post-trauma changes in startle reactivity, following a single, long, and severe traumatic procedure (24 h restraint stress) [54]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and post-traumatic stress disorder.