Insulin and growth hormone (GH) resistances reduce anabolic activities both in CHF [68] and CKD [11,69] as insulin resistance depresses the antiproteolytic activity of the insulin [70], in particular during overnight fasting, and GH resistance causes muscle proteolysis given that the physiologic GH activity is to increase AA uptake into skeletal muscle. Here, GH1 is linked to congestive heart failure.