The net muscle AA releases, in particular phenylalanine, indirectly indicate the presence of muscle protein hypercatabolism [54], whose pathophysiological mechanisms are shared by both CHF and CKD, and include inflammation [30,33,55,56] and hemodynamic factors such as venous congestion and hypertension, metabolic acidosis, insulin, and growth hormone resistances. Here, INS is linked to Hypertension.