SDC1 and breast carcinoma: However, autophagy represents only the first early event of PPARγ-dependent cell death since prolonged treatments with the ω-3 PUFAs and their conjugates induce intrinsic apoptosis through the cleavage of caspase 9 [21] and the upregulation of the tumor suppressor molecule syndecan-1 (SDC-1) in breast cancer cells [32].