The infection of primary glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, results in the activation of chemokine genes (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, and CCL12) that are important in the initiation of an inflammatory response [93,94,95]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and infection.