PRNP and chronic kidney disease: In the presence of the uremic toxin P-cresol, ROS-mediated ER stress increased cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, and a coculture with TUDCA-treated CKD-hMSCs increased the antioxidant enzyme activities in SH-SY5Y cells through upregulation of the PrPC expression, which was responsible for the observed protective effects against CKD-mediated ER stress and apoptosis [172].