DDIT3 and cancer: Among several mechanisms proposed to account for MeSeH anticancer activity [42,43], a number of reports have shown that MeSeH-generating compounds, such as MSeA, induce growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells via UPR induction, activation of caspases and increased expression of proapoptotic genes such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) [16,17,18].