Since the expression of LPA receptor 1 (LPA1) is higher in MM-MSCs than in HD-MSCs, signaling through LPA1 (and not through LPA3) determined the induction of a pro-senescence profile in MM-MSCs and their transdifferentiation into tumor-associated fibroblasts, which promoted MM progression and tumor angiogenesis in in vivo models [47]. Here, LPAR3 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.