CD4 and infection: Among other groups of co-infections with HIV-1, it was shown that JC virus apparently has no impact on the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and HIV-1 plasma viral load [56], while GB virus C (GBV-C, currently classified as pegivirus, HPgV1) was associated with a decrease in HIV-1 viral load, an increase in CD4+ T lymphocytes and a possible protective effect in the progression of infection to AIDS [57].