TNF and neoplasm: Proinflammatory cytokines released after treatment such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1b (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) that can activate myofibroblast and contribute to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and a pro-tumor microenvironment [71,74].