Children from Chamwino had a clearly and significantly lower prevalence of anaemia, ID, and of elevated infection markers CRP or AGP, but a higher prevalence of VAD and ZnD than those from the Kilosa villages; further, serum β-carotene, lutein-zeaxanthin, and γ-tocopherol were higher, while α-carotene, lycopene, and α-tocopherol were lower in Chamwino than in Kilosa children. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is anemia (phenotype).