The expression of β-2M is maintained or elevated in renal cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and studies have shown β-2M/HLA class I heavy chain/peptide complex binds APLP2 in PANC-1 and S2-013 cells that are involved in migration. The gene discussed is B2M; the disease is hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.