A 2018 meta-analysis of these three randomized, double-blinded trials (n = 304)—phase 1 and 2 ACT-34, ACT-34 extension and phase 3 RENEW—showed an improvement in TET, AF, and MACE in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease and refractory angina receiving intramyocardial autologous CD34+ cell therapy [19]. This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and atrial fibrillation.