Notably, the induction of PTX3 expression and release by MM.1S cells (see CD38/PTX3 double immunostaining in Figure 4A) significantly reduced the vascularization of tumor foci growing in the BM, as assessed by CD38/KDR double immunostaining of femurs from mice receiving DOXA in the drinking water (Figure 4A). Here, KDR is linked to neoplasm.