Lupus, a disease in which patients exhibit an “IFN signature” [13] (i.e., overexpression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes) and Alzheimer’s disease, during which IL-1β is known to be overexpressed [14], will serve as examples for such complex (multigenic/multifactorial) diseases in which these cytokines are involved. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.