As a response to infection and cellular damage, the inflammasome NLRP3, a particular constituent of the innate immune system, coordinates the activation of caspase-1 and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18, and under the action of the latter are activated T-cells and macrophages that will secrete IL-6 and TNFα. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is infection.