CD4 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In a study conducted by Mehani in 2017, there were compared the immunomodulatory effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and photobiomodulation [level laser (LLL) acupuncture stimulation for about 8 weeks] in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the lymphocytes CD4+ T/CD8+ T. The results proved the reduction in plasma IL-6 concentration, and the increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio, with a superior effect of photobiomodulation over IMT in the adjustment of the immune lung inflammation.