TNF and colitis: It also decreased the protein-levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), granulocyte monocyte cell stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-6 and attenuated the colitis symptoms by the modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway via the up-regulation of the miR-126 and histone deacetylase/AMP-activated protein kinase (HDAC1/AMPK) pathway [49,93].