In terms of its mechanism, overactivation of TOPK promotes cancer cell proliferation, inflammation, and metastasis through activation of downstream signaling cascades, such as the MAPKs and ribosomal S-6 kinase (RSK), as well as transcription factors, including activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB [14,15,16,17]. This evidence concerns the gene JUN and cancer.