ITLN2 and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus: In agreement with these findings, our RNA-Seq and immunohistochemical analysis of ICV samples showed that ITLN2 is highly overexpressed in MAP-infected animals with focal histological lesions (Table 1), which suggests that ITLN2 production is related to PTB forms of infection with no clinical signs, a predominant cell-mediated immune response and low bacterial load, supporting the above mentioned protective antibacterial role of ITLN2 in MAP latent infections of cows.