The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA4) and the targeted inhibition of the MAPK pathway with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma patients has led to profound and durable tumor responses in some patients with advanced melanoma [5,6]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.