In 2010, a Phase III study by Hodi et al. assessed the clinical efficacy of the gp100 vaccine composed of two modified HLA-A*02:01-restricted peptides (gp100:209–217 and gp100:280–288) in combination with ipilimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ICI in HLA-A*02:01+ unresectable stage II/IV melanoma patients [33]. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-A and melanoma.