CD8A and viral infectious disease: Interestingly, Sharma et al. reported that during HK/×31 (H3N2) and A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus infection, the Tim-3 was upregulated by virus-specific CD8 T cells after IAV Infection, and Tim-3 expressing cells would undergo apoptosis upon exposure to recombinant Gal-9 from in vitro and ex vivo experiments.