ITGAX and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: To further demonstrate whether A. muciniphila has to be alive to exert its metabolic effects, Everard et al. [30] have compared the effect of viable A. muciniphila administration with that of heat-killed A. muciniphila and found that viable A. muciniphila normalized metabolic endotoxemia caused by diet, fat storage, adipose tissue metabolism, and CD11c adipose tissue marker.