TNF and metabolic syndrome: It was previously shown that the levels of inflammation markers are higher in patients with schizophrenia and MetS compared with the patients without it [19], and the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α can serve as prognostic factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia during treatment with antipsychotics [20,21].