HAMP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These results could be attributed to several factors, including (a) greater chronic inflammation in adolescents with obesity as evidenced by higher levels of IL-6 [17]; (b) greater visceral adipose tissue mass, which has 4-fold more crown-like structures [18] that participate in the expression of IL-6 and in the expression of hepcidin in adipocytes [9]; and (c) greater insulin resistance [15], further aggravating the chronic inflammation, atherogenic dyslipidemia and visceral adipose tissue hypertrophy.