As described above, we previously demonstrated that treatment with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, AMP-dNM, reduces ganglioside synthesis, which could inhibit TGF-β1 signaling and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells by possibly inhibiting the interaction between GM2 and TGFβRII [19]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.