Moreover, they are found to be elevated in the serum of patients with bone metastases secondary to BrCa and PrCa and directly or indirectly activate osteoclastogenesis, RANKL and PTHrP expression, angiogenesis, and tumor growth, thereby fueling the osteolytic vicious cycle [99,110,163,172,176,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF11 and neoplasm.