As one of these therapies, treatment with the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway blockade for NSCLC patients dramatically improved tumor regression in approximately 20% of patients [5,6,7,8] and the 5-year survival in approximately 16% of patients [9]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.