JUN and acute myeloid leukemia: In leukemia cells HL-60, THP-1, and samples of acute myeloid leukemia patients, DCF induced apoptosis through activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors (c-Jun, JunB, and Fra-2), induction of growth arrest and DNA damage-45α protein (GADD45α), and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) [23].