Several other agents have also been tested in preclinical models including thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), a glycoprotein produced from endothelial cells that has been shown to reduce the proliferation of invasive ductal carcinoma cells [110], inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) signaling [111], or the activities of ERK and Src kinases [112]. This evidence concerns the gene THBS1 and invasive ductal breast carcinoma.