In accordance with these vasculoprotective effects of leptin, Jun et al. [49] reported that administration of low-dose leptin, mimicking physiological conditions, remarkably attenuated LDL-cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions in Ins2+/Akita/ApoE-/- mice, a model of spontaneous Type 1 diabetes that develops hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and familial hypercholesterolemia.