TNF and hemorrhage: The microglia can be understood as the on-site phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), which are able to provoke an upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, especially of interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6 as well as of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) as a response to infection or even hemorrhage due to an accumulation near the vessel rupture with release into both serum and CSF [22,23,24].