Engineered NDV vectors expressing apoptin [94], immune checkpoint blockades like anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PDL, and cytokines like IL-2 [95] and influenza virus NS1 [96] trigger oncolytic cell death in tumor cell lines from lung and liver, tumor-bearing mice [94], and apoptosis-resistant cells, respectively [96]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.