PNPLA3 and steatosis: Kitamoto et al. compared the levels of DNA methylation of certain CpG islands as CpG99 (which resides in the regulatory region of PNPLA3) and CpG26 (which resides in that of PARVB variant 1) in the livers of patients with mild (fibrosis stages 0 and 1) or advanced (fibrosis stages 2 to 4) steatosis by performing targeted-bisulfite sequencing [74].