In the PRECISE randomized phase III trial [34], the IL-13-Pseudomonas exotoxin A conjugate (termed IL13-PE38QQR) has produced results similar to those of the Gliadel® wafer, in 296 patients with recurrent glioblastoma, as a result of which the clinical development of this compound was discontinued. This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and glioblastoma.