In this study, the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is significantly increased by 77% in DPP-4 inhibitor users (HR 1.77, 95%CI: 1.04–3.01), and an increasing trend in GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) users as well (HR 1.97, 95%CI: 0.83–4.66). The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.