In agreement with a role of PKM2 and the Warburg effect in diabetic complications, pharmacological activation of the enzymatic activity of PKM2 was recently associated with improved mitochondrial function and biogenesis, suppressed lactate accumulation, blunted elevation in glycolytic intermediates and glycotoxins, and reduced renal inflammation and fibrosis in experimental models of DN [144,162,163]. The gene discussed is PKM; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.