To understand the interplay of different epigenetic mechanisms in lupus gene expression, DNA methylation, mRNA, and miRNA expression profiling analysis at the genome-wide level in CD4+ T cells from lupus patients with different clinical manifestations (skin lesion only, skin lesion and renal pathology, or skin lesion, renal pathology, and joint pain) were performed and compared to those of controls [96]. Here, CD4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.