Notably, not only were the polyfunctional CD4+ T cells not improved following in vitro treatment with IL-27 and IL-7 in cardiomyopathy patients, but a skewed enrichment in TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells in response to T. cruzi was also observed, which has been associated with more severe stages of chronic Chagas disease [69]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and cardiomyopathy.