In contrast to diseases with cytogenetic alterations leading to RUNX transcription factor family rearrangement such as t(8;21)(q22;q22), AML with RUNX1 gene mutations is associated with poorer response to conventional chemotherapy, lower rates of complete remission (CR), relapse free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) [2–8]. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.