Genes that are involved in cell-growth and cancer development were also upregulated in the medusa form, including those encoding proteins from wnt (WNT-111 and WNT-5) and ras/rab (RAS-0b, RAS-2 and Rasef) pathways, transcription factors/receptors (SOX1a, fibroblast growth factor receptor) and homeobox proteins (prospero, PAX, orthopedia ALX and ISL2). Here, ISL2 is linked to cancer.