CDCP1, FGF23, HGF and IL-6 still had more prominent positive associations with %BF in overweight compared to normal weight subjects and the coefficients did not indicate that the associations were driven by obesity, whereas MCP-1 had a clear positive association with %BF only in the obese group (Supplementary Table S4). Here, CCL2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.