SOCS5 and carcinoma: We found that overexpression of human SOCS5 in SUM159 (Supplementary Fig. 8 and Supplementary Fig. 9a) induced a ~5-fold increase in anchorage-independent growth in soft-agar (Fig. 6a), and generated tumors that grew significantly faster and larger in Nude mice (Fig. 6b, c), and with ~2-fold as many Ki67-positive carcinoma cells (Fig. 6d), indicating that SOCS5, similar to LINC01119, was sufficient, on its own, in promoting malignant growth both in vitro and in vivo.