ALDH1L1 and autism: To determine whether astrocyte-specific IP3R2 knockout in adult mice is sufficient to produce autism-related behaviors, we crossed Aldh1L1-CreER mice, which express Cre recombinase specifically in astrocytes when treated with tamoxifen (Supplementary Fig. 1f, g)37,38, with IP3R2loxp/loxp mice, which harbor loxp-flanked IP3R2, to generate Aldh1L1-CreER:IP3R2loxp/loxp mice (hereafter referred to as IP3R2 cKO mice) (Supplementary Fig. 1c, d).