Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was markedly elevated and resulted in higher expression levels of downstream effectors (C–C motif chemokine ligand 20, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in colonic epithelial cells isolated from PBLDIEC−/− mice than WT mice with colitis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.