Kim et al. also found elevated concentrations of active and latent TGF-β1 in peripheral blood of MFS patients compared to non-MFS individuals, and in contrast to the previously mentioned studies, beside the clinical outcomes Kim et al. sought to determine the correlation of blood TGF-β1 levels with the degree of cystic medial degeneration. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Marfan syndrome.