ICAM1 and infection: A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion receptors, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is involved the generation of the immune response and is a primary marker of immune activation (Boyd et al., 1988), and plasma concentration of ICAM-1 are a biomarker of infection and prognosis in patients with various chronic inflammation-related diseases (de Pablo et al., 2013).