Moreover, in a chronic model murine of asthma (MMA) (Kistemaker et al., 2016), muscarinic antagonists were found to decrease smooth muscle mass in addition to ICS, low cell counts (macrophages, eosinophils, and lymphocytes), and decreased IL-5 levels in BALF than other Th2-profile cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene IL5 and asthma.